To increase the probability of the development of psychiatric syndromes, a stratified sub-sample of 591 subjects was selected for the longitudinal study. The interview sample was selected from an initial cohort of 4547 people (f = 2346 m = 2201) representative of the canton of Zurich in Switzerland, who were screened in 1978 by the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90-R) (Derogatis 1977) when they were 19 years old (males) or 20 years old (females). The Zurich study is an epidemiological study, which followed the probands over a period of 30 years from the ages of 19/20 to 49/50. 2016), we can provisionally illustrate some consequences of the revisions. By applying the criteria to data from the Zurich study, described in detail in an earlier publication (Angst et al. The purpose of this short paper is to compare the definitions of manic and hypomanic episodes in ICD-11 (as it currently stands) (a) briefly with the previous version ICD-10 (World Health Organization 1992) and (b) with DSM-5 of the American Psychiatric Association (American Psychiatric Association 2013).
A full account of the changes in ICD-11 and their rationale is to be found in (Reed et al. Symptom counts or duration cut-offs are generally avoided, which is designed to reflect clinical practice and the exercise of clinical judgment. In particular, its descriptions of the “essential features” of mood episodes are not presented as equivalents of strict diagnostic criteria. In its conception the ICD-11 is guided by the principles of clinical usefulness and global applicability. From the outset the general aim was to harmonise their structure and descriptions in order to avoid arbitrary differences (Reed et al. The ICD review process has taken over ten years, partly overlapping with the fifth revision of the DSM of the American Psychiatric Association, which was completed in 2013. From 2022 the ICD-11 should be in worldwide use. The guidelines are currently out for consultation and comment. With the ICD-11 officially approved, the next stage in our field will be the publication of the Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (CDDG) for the manual’s Mental and Behavioural Disorders section.
The World Health Organization is central to the continuous development of the diagnostic classification of medical disorders.
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